The Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) is an independent agency in the executive branch of the Federal Government.
The RRB's primary function is to administer comprehensive retirement-survivor and unemployment-sickness benefit programs for the nation's railroad workers and their families, under the Railroad Retirement and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Acts. In connection with the retirement program, the RRB has administrative responsibilities under the Social Security Act for certain benefit payments and railroad workers' Medicare coverage. (Credits: http://www.rrb.gov)
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Not only is it now law, but it became effective immediately on Friday afternoon, Jan. 12, when President Bush signed the Railroad Retirement Disability Earnings Act, which raises from $400 monthly to $700 monthly the cap on outside earnings for recipients of Railroad Retirement disability benefits.
The new law means disabled rail workers can earn up to $700 monthly without suffering a reduction in their Railroad Retirement disability payments. In future years, the cap will be increased by a formula based on changes in the federally calculated cost-of-living index.
Those receiving the disability are afflicted with bad hearts, high blood pressure, failing eyesight and injuries received while on the job. While many were able to find menial work outside the railroad industry, the law previously limited their outside earnings to $400 monthly. Anything earned above that amount resulted in a reduction in disability benefits.
The new $700 monthly cap is closer in line with what is permitted under Social Security. "This is going to make a meaningful difference in the lives of many disabled rail workers who struggle so to keep a roof over their family's head, pay for prescription medication, buy groceries and clothing, and purchase medical care," said UTU International President Paul Thompson.
UTU National Legislative Director James Brunkenhoefer said that he had been lobbying Congress to raise the cap on outside earnings "since I was first elected to this job two decades ago. It has been a struggle, but one I pledged I would never abandon," Brunkenhoefer said.
"With assistance from the other rail organizations, and thousands of phone calls and e-mails to lawmakers from UTU members and retirees, we achieved passage of the bill this year," Brunkenhoefer said. "It was the right thing for Congress to do. And it was the right thing for the president to sign the bill into law.
Although the carriers previously opposed raising the earnings cap, "extensive good-faith discussions with them in December resulted in the railroads withdrawing their opposition and supporting the bill's passage," Thompson said.
Especially helpful in gaining passage of the bill were House members Jim Oberstar (D-Minn.), Corrine Brown (D-Fla.), Don Young (R-Alaska) and Steve Latourette (R-Ohio), and senators Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.), Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) and Ted Kennedy (D-Mass.).
Allowing the disabled higher outside earnings while retaining their full disability benefits will not create a financial burden for the Railroad Retirement system, Brunkenhoefer said. Currently, the Railroad Retirement Trust Fund totals some $27 billion. The estimated cost of this new law to the trust fund will be about $400,000 annually.
Rail disability act clears Congress
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Disabled railroad workers can expect a very special gift from Santa Claus this holiday season - by way of the U.S. Congress.
The Railroad Retirement Disability Earnings Act, which now has House and Senate approval, raises from $400 monthly to $700 monthly the cap on outside earnings for recipients of Railroad Retirement disability benefits. In future years, the amount will be increased by a formula based on changes in the federally calculated cost-of-living index.
Passage of H.R. 5483 by the Senate on Saturday, Dec. 9, was one of the final acts of the 109th Congress. The House of Representatives earlier this year approved the bill and President Bush is expected to sign it into law before the holidays.
Those receiving the disability are afflicted with bad hearts, high blood pressure, failing eyesight and injuries received while on the job. While many were able to find menial work outside the railroad industry, existing law limited their earnings to $400 monthly. Any earnings above the $400 monthly cap caused disability payments to be reduced or revoked. The new $700 monthly cap is closer in line with what is permitted under Social Security.
"Since first being elected national legislative director two decades ago, I have been working to raise the cap on outside earnings of disabled rail workers," said UTU National Legislative Director James Brunkenhoefer. "These former rail workers struggle every month to feed, clothe and house their families, and to provide them with medical care and prescription medicines.
"With assistance from the other rail organizations, and thousands of phone calls and e-mails to lawmakers from UTU members, we achieved passage of the bill this year," Brunkenhoefer said. "It was the right thing for Congress to do."
Although the carriers previously opposed raising the earnings cap, "extensive good-faith discussions with them over the past two weeks resulted in the railroads withdrawing their opposition and supporting the bill's passage," said UTU International President Paul Thompson.
The bill was introduced and supported in the House by the bi-partisan leadership of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee -- Don Young (R-Alaska), Jim Oberstar (D-Minn.), Steve LaTourette (R-Ohio) and Corrine Brown (D-Fla.). Spearheading its Senate passage were Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.), Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) and Ted Kennedy (D-Mass.), as well as those senators' staff members.
Allowing the disabled higher outside earnings while retaining their full disability benefits will not create a financial burden for the Railroad Retirement system, Brunkenhoefer said. Currently, the Railroad Retirement Trust Fund totals some $27 billion. The estimated cost of this new legislation would be about $400,000 annually.
DEC 10, 2006
Military Service
Did you know that your service that you provided to the United States through the U.S. Armed Forces can count towards your Railroad Retirement for increased benefits or to provide eligibility? Yes it can! In order determine your eligibility to use your military time to count towards Railroad Retirement you must submit proof of your age and proof of military service (submit your latest DD-214) to your nearest Railroad Retirement Board office. You may call the Jacksonville, Florida RRB office at (904) 232-2546 for more information.
RRB Helpline
For a personal history statement or unemployment and sickness benefit claim information call 1-800-808-0772. If you are filing a File Form SI-1a/b (Application for Sickness Benefits and Statement of Sickness) you must file within 10 days of the first claimed day of sickness, otherwise you may lose your benefits if the application is filed late.
Federal Income Tax and Railroad Retirement Benefits
The following questions and answers describe the tax statements issued by the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) each January for Federal income tax purposes. Railroad retirement beneficiaries needing information about these statements, or tax withholding from their benefits, should contact the nearest office of the RRB. For further Federal income tax information, railroad retirement beneficiaries should contact the nearest office of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
- How are the annuities paid under the Railroad Retirement Act treated under the Federal income tax laws?
A railroad retirement annuity is a single payment comprised of one or more of the following components, depending on the annuitant's age, the type of annuity being paid, and eligibility requirements: a Social Security Equivalent Benefit (SSEB) portion of tier I, a Non-Social Security Equivalent Benefit (NSSEB) portion of tier I, a tier II benefit, a vested dual benefit, and a supplemental annuity.
In most cases, part of a railroad retirement annuity is treated like a social security benefit for Federal income tax purposes, while other parts of the annuity are treated like private pensions for tax purposes. Consequently, most annuitants are sent two tax statements from the RRB each January, even though they receive only a single annuity payment each month. - Which railroad retirement benefits are treated as social security benefits for Federal income tax purposes?
The SSEB portion of tier I (the part of a railroad retirement annuity equivalent to a social security benefit based on comparable earnings) is treated for Federal income tax purposes the same way as a social security benefit. The amount of these benefits that may be subject to Federal income tax, if any, depends on the beneficiary's income.
If taxable pensions, wages, interest, dividends, and other taxable income, plus tax-exempt interest income, plus half of the amount of the social security equivalent benefit payments exceed:- $25,000 for an individual, $32,000 for a married couple filing jointly, and zero for a married individual who files separately but lived with his or her spouse any part of the year, up to 50 percent of these railroad retirement benefit payments may be considered taxable income;
- $34,000 for an individual, $44,000 for a married couple filing jointly, and zero for a married individual who files separately but lived with his or her spouse any part of the year, up to 85 percent of these benefits may be taxable.
- Which railroad retirement benefits are treated like private pensions for Federal income tax purposes?
The NSSEB portion of tier I, tier II benefits, vested dual benefits, and supplemental annuities are all treated like private pensions for Federal income tax purposes. In some cases, primarily those in which early retirement benefits are payable to retired employees and spouses between ages 60 and 62, and some occupational disability benefits, the entire annuity may be treated like a private pension. This is because social security benefits based on age and service are not payable before age 62 and social security disability benefit entitlement requires total disability. - What information is shown on the railroad retirement tax statements sent to annuitants in January?
One statement, the blue and white Form RRB-1099 for U.S. citizens or residents (or black and white Form RRB-1042S for nonresident aliens), shows the SSEB portion of tier I or special minimum guaranty payments made during the tax year, the amount of any such benefits that an annuitant may have repaid to the RRB during the tax year, and the net amount of these payments after subtracting the repaid amount. The amount of any offset for workers' compensation and the amount of Federal income tax withheld from these payments are also shown. Illustrations and explanations of items found on Form RRB-1099 and Form RRB-1042S can be found in IRS Publication 915, Social Security and Equivalent Railroad Retirement Benefits.
The other statement, the green and white Form RRB-1099-R (for both U.S. citizens and nonresident aliens), shows the NSSEB portion of tier I, tier II, vested dual benefit, and supplemental annuity paid to the annuitant during the tax year, as well as the employee contributions amount. The NSSEB portion of tier I along with tier II are considered contributory pension amounts and are shown as a single combined amount in the Contributory Amount Paid box item (Item 4) on the statement. The vested dual benefit and supplemental annuity are considered noncontributory pension amounts and are shown as separate box items on the statement. Also shown is the amount of Federal income tax withheld from these payments. In addition, the statement shows the amount of any of these prior year benefits repaid by the annuitant to the RRB during the tax year, but this amount is not subtracted from the gross amounts shown because its treatment depends on the years to which the repayment applies and its taxability in those years. To determine the year or years to which the repayment applies, annuitants should contact the RRB. Illustrations and explanations of items found on Form RRB-1099-R can be found in IRS Publication 575, Pension and Annuity Income.
If the annuitant is taxed as a nonresident alien of the United States, Form RRB-1042S and/or Form RRB-1099-R will show the rate of tax withholding (0%, 15% or 30%) and country of permanent residence.
The total Part B Medicare premiums deducted from the railroad retirement annuity may also be shown on either Form RRB-1099 (Form RRB-1042S for nonresident aliens) or Form RRB-1099-R.
The statements also include the annuitant's name, current mailing address, RRB claim number and payee code, United States taxpayer identifying number (social security number or individual taxpayer identification number or employer identification number), detailed explanations of all the items on the statements, and the toll-free telephone numbers and Web site addresses of the RRB, the IRS, and the Social Security Administration.
Copy B and/or Copy 2 of Form RRB-1099-R must be submitted with the annuitant's tax return. Annuitants should retain copy C of all statements for their records, especially if they may be required to verify their income in connection with other Government programs. - What is the significance of the employee contributions amount?
For railroad retirement annuitants, the employee contributions amount is considered the amount of railroad retirement payroll taxes paid by the employee that exceeds the amount that would have been paid in social security taxes if the employee's railroad service had been covered under the Social Security Act. The employee contributions amount is referred to by the IRS as an employee's investment, or cost, in the contract. Employee contributions are not a payment or income received during the tax year. Only employee and survivor annuitants have an employee contributions amount shown in Item 3 of their Form RRB-1099-R.
The contributory amount paid (NSSEB portion of tier I and/or tier II) is considered income and is reported to the IRS. The contributory amount paid is either fully taxable or partially taxable depending on whether the employee contribution amount has been used to compute a tax-free (nontaxable) portion of the contributory amount paid. If no employee contribution amount is shown on Form RRB-1099-R, then the contributory amount paid is fully taxable.
The use and recovery of the employee contributions amount is important for annuitants since it affects the amount of taxable income to be reported on income tax returns for a tax year. There is a tax savings advantage in using (recovering) employee contributions since it may reduce the taxability of the contributory amount paid and in turn the amount of taxable income.
Annuitants should refer to IRS Publication 575, Pension and Annuity Income, and Publication 939, General Rule for Pensions and Annuities, for more information concerning the tax treatment of the contributory amount paid (see item 6 below) and use of the employee contributions amount. - If an employee contribution amount is shown on my Form RRB-1099-R, may I use the entire amount?
The employee contribution amount shown is attributable to the railroad account number. This means that the employee contribution amount must be shared by all eligible annuitants under that same railroad account number.
If an employee contribution amount is shown on your Form RRB-1099-R, you are an eligible annuitant who may use some or all of the employee contribution amount shown to compute the nontaxable (tax-free) amount of your contributory amount paid. Therefore, your contributory amount paid and total gross paid shown on your Form RRB-1099-R may be partially taxable.
If an employee contribution amount is not shown on your Form RRB-1099-R, you are not an eligible annuitant and you cannot use or share the employee contribution amount. Therefore, your contributory amount paid and total gross paid shown on your Form RRB-1099-R are fully taxable.
When more than one annuitant is or was entitled to a contributory amount paid under the same railroad account number, any eligible annuitant may not use the entire employee contribution amount shown on their Form RRB-1099-R for themselves. They must first determine the amount of the total employee contribution amount they are individually entitled to use. That means determining:- The portion of the total employee contribution amount still potentially available for use, and
- The portion of that amount that must be shared by those eligible annuitants currently receiving contributory amounts paid.
- How are contributory and noncontributory pension amounts taxed?
Amounts shown on Form RRB-1099-R are treated like private pensions and taxed either as contributory pension amounts or as noncontributory pension amounts. The NSSEB portion of tier I and tier II (shown as the contributory amount paid on the statement) are contributory pension amounts. Contributory pension amounts may be fully taxable or partially taxable depending on the presence and use (recovery) of the employee contribution amount. Vested dual benefits and supplemental annuities are considered noncontributory pension amounts. Noncontributory pension amounts are always fully taxable.
For annuitants with annuity beginning dates before July 2, 1986, the contributory amount paid is fully taxable. These annuitants cannot use the employee contribution amount to compute a nontaxable amount of their contributory amount paid because their employee contribution amount has been fully recovered. Since the contributory amount paid is fully taxable, the total gross pension paid in Item 7 of Form RRB-1099-R is fully taxable.
For annuitants with annuity beginning dates from July 2, 1986, through December 31, 1986, the contributory amount paid is partially nontaxable for the life of the annuitant. These annuitants may use some or all of the employee contribution amount to compute the nontaxable amount of their contributory amount paid. Once that nontaxable amount is computed, it does not need to be recomputed and can be used for each tax year unless there is a change in the employee contribution amount, annuity beginning date, date of birth used to determine life expectancy, or the number of eligible annuitants receiving contributory amounts paid. Therefore, the total gross pension paid in Item 7 of Form RRB-1099-R may be partially taxable.
For annuitants with annuity beginning dates effective January 1, 1987, and later, the contributory amount paid is partially nontaxable for a specified period of time based on life expectancy as determined by IRS actuarial tables. These annuitants may use some or all of the employee contribution amount to compute the nontaxable amount of their contributory amount paid. Once that nontaxable amount is computed, it does not need to be recomputed and can be used for each tax year unless there is a change in the employee contribution amount, annuity beginning date, date of birth used to determine life expectancy, or the number of eligible annuitants receiving contributory amounts paid. Therefore, the total gross pension paid in Item 7 of Form RRB-1099-R may be partially taxable. However, once the specified life expectancy is met, the employee contribution amount is considered fully used up, and the contributory amount paid and total gross pension paid are now fully taxable.
The contributory amounts paid of disabled employee annuitants under minimum retirement age are fully taxable and these annuitants cannot use the employee contribution amount. Therefore, the total gross pension paid in Item 7 of Form RRB-1099-R is fully taxable. (Minimum retirement age is generally the age at which individuals could retire based on age and service, which is age 60 with 30 or more years of railroad service or age 62 with less than 30 years of railroad service.) However, once the disabled employee annuitant reaches minimum retirement age, the annuitant may use the employee contribution amount shown on Form RRB-1099-R to compute the nontaxable amount of his or her contributory amount paid.
The RRB does not calculate the nontaxable amount of the contributory amount paid for annuitants. Annuitants should contact the IRS or their own tax preparer for assistance in calculating the nontaxable amount of their contributory amount paid. For more information on the tax treatment of the contributory amount paid, vested dual benefits, supplemental annuities, the employee contributions amount, and how to use the IRS actuarial tables, annuitants should refer to IRS Publication 939, General Rule for Pensions and Annuities, and IRS Publication 575, Pension and Annuity Income. - Does Form RRB-1099-R show the taxable amount of any contributory railroad retirement benefits or just the total amount of such benefits paid during the tax year?
Since 1993 (tax year 1992), Form RRB-1099-R shows the total amount of any contributory railroad retirement benefits (NSSEB and tier II) paid during the tax year. The RRB does not calculate the taxable amounts. It is up to the annuitant to determine the taxable and nontaxable (tax-free) amounts of the contributory amount paid using the employee contributions amount. - Can an employee's contributions amount change?
Yes. The employee contributions amount shown on Form RRB-1099-R is based on the latest railroad service and earnings information available on the RRB's records. Railroad service and earnings information (and the corresponding employee contributions amount) often changes in the first year after an employee retires from railroad service. That is when the employee's final railroad service and earnings information is furnished to the RRB by his or her employer. As a result, the employee contributions amount shown on the most recent Form RRB-1099-R may have increased or decreased from a previously-issued Form RRB-1099-R.
Any change in an employee contributions amount is fully retroactive to the railroad retirement annuity beginning date. Therefore, the nontaxable amount of the contributory amount paid should be recomputed. This could affect the taxable amounts reported to the IRS on prior income tax returns. Generally, an increase in the employee contributions amount is advantageous, as it will yield a larger tax-free amount. However, a decrease in the employee contributions amount may be disadvantageous since it may result in an increased tax liability. In any case, annuitants should determine if any change in their employee contributions amount would require them to file original or amended Federal income tax returns for prior tax years. - What if a person receives social security as well as railroad retirement benefits?
Railroad retirement annuitants who also received social security benefits during the tax year receive a Form SSA-1099 (or Form SSA-1042S if they are nonresident aliens) from the Social Security Administration. They should add the net social security equivalent or special guaranty amount shown on Form RRB-1099 (or Form RRB-1042S) to the net social security income amount shown on Form SSA-1099 (or Form SSA-1042S) to get the correct total amount of these benefits. They should then enter this total on the Social Security Benefits Worksheet in the instructions for Form 1040 or 1040A to determine if part of their social security and railroad retirement social security equivalent benefits is taxable income.
Additional information on the taxability of these benefits can be found in IRS Publication 915, Social Security and Equivalent Railroad Retirement Benefits. - Are the residual lump sums, lump-sum death payments or separation allowance lump-sum amounts paid by the RRB subject to Federal income tax?
No. These amounts are nontaxable and are not subject to Federal income tax. The RRB does not report these amounts on statements. - Are Federal income taxes withheld from railroad retirement annuities?
Yes, and the amounts withheld are shown on the statements issued by the RRB each year. However, an annuitant may request that Federal income taxes not be withheld, unless the annuitant is a nonresident alien or a U.S. citizen living outside the United States.
Annuitants can voluntarily choose to have Federal income tax withheld from their SSEB payments. To do so, they must complete IRS Form W-4V, Voluntary Withholding Request, and send it to the RRB. They can choose withholding from their SSEB payments at the following rates: 7 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, or 25 percent.
Annuitants who wish to have Federal income taxes withheld from their NSSEB and tier II (contributory amount paid), vested dual benefit, and supplemental annuity payments must complete a tax withholding election on Form RRB W-4P, Withholding Certificate For Railroad Retirement Payments, and send it to the RRB. An annuitant is not required to file Form RRB W-4P. If that form is not filed, the RRB will withhold taxes only if the combined portions of the NSSEB and tier II (contributory amount paid), vested dual benefit and supplemental annuity payments are equal to or greater than $1,497. In that case, the RRB withholds taxes as if the annuitant were married and claiming three allowances. - How is tax withholding applied to the railroad retirement benefits of nonresident aliens?
A nonresident alien is a person who is neither a citizen nor a resident of the United States. Under the Internal Revenue Code, nonresident aliens are subject to a 30-percent tax on income from sources within the United States not connected to a U.S. trade or business. The 30-percent rate applies to all annuity payments exceeding social security equivalent payments and to 85 percent of the annuity portion treated as a social security benefit. The Code also requires the RRB to withhold the tax. The tax can be at a rate lower than 30 percent or can be eliminated entirely if a tax treaty between the United States and the country of residence provides such an exemption, and the nonresident alien completes and sends Form RRB-1001, Nonresident Questionnaire, to the RRB. Form RRB-1001 secures citizenship, residency and tax treaty claim information for nonresident beneficiaries (nonresident aliens or U.S. citizens residing outside the United States).
Form RRB-1001 is sent by the RRB to nonresident aliens every three years to renew the claim for a tax treaty exemption. Failure by a nonresident alien to complete Form RRB-1001 will cause loss of the exemption until the exemption is renewed. Such renewals have no retroactivity. Also, a nonresident alien must include his or her United States taxpayer identifying number on Form RRB-1001. Otherwise, any tax treaty exemption claimed on the form is not valid. The majority of nonresident aliens receiving annuities from the RRB are citizens of Canada, which has a tax treaty with the United States.
If a Canadian citizen claims an exemption under the tax treaty, no tax is withheld from the annuity portion equivalent to a social security benefit and a withholding rate of only 15 percent is applied to those annuity payments exceeding social security equivalent payments.
Additional information concerning the taxation of nonresident aliens can be found in IRS Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens. - Are unemployment benefits paid under the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act subject to Federal income tax?
All unemployment benefit payments are subject to Federal income tax. Each January the RRB sends Form 1099-G to individuals, showing the total amount of railroad unemployment benefits paid during the previous year. - Are sickness benefits paid by the RRB subject to Federal income tax?
Sickness benefits paid by the RRB, except for sickness benefits paid for on-the-job injuries, are subject to Federal income tax under the same limitations and conditions that apply to the taxation of sick pay received by workers in other industries. Each January the RRB sends Form W-2 to affected beneficiaries. This form shows the amount of sickness benefits that each beneficiary should include in his or her taxable income. - Does the Board withhold Federal income tax from unemployment and sickness benefits?
The RRB withholds Federal income tax from unemployment and sickness benefits only if requested to do so by the beneficiary. A beneficiary can request withholding of 10 percent of his or her unemployment benefits by filing Form W-4V with the Board. A beneficiary can request withholding from sickness benefits by filing Form W-4S. - Are railroad retirement and railroad unemployment and sickness benefits paid by the RRB subject to State income taxes?
The Railroad Retirement and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Acts specifically exempt these benefits from State income taxes. - Can a railroad employee claim a tax credit on his or her Federal income tax return if the employer withheld excess railroad retirement taxes during the year?
If any one railroad employer withheld more than the annual maximum amount, the employee must ask that employer to refund the excess. It cannot be claimed on the employee's return. - Can a railroad employee working two jobs during the year get a tax credit if excess retirement payroll taxes were withheld by the employers?
Railroad employees who also worked for a nonrailroad social security covered employer in the same year may, under certain circumstances, receive a tax credit equivalent to any excess social security taxes withheld.
Employees who worked for two or more railroads during the year, or who had tier I taxes withheld from their RRB sickness benefits in addition to their railroad earnings, may be eligible for a tax credit of any excess tier I or tier II railroad retirement taxes withheld. The amount of tier I taxes withheld from sickness benefits paid by the RRB is shown on Form W-2 issued to affected beneficiaries. Employees who had tier I taxes withheld from their supplemental sickness benefits may also be eligible for a tax credit of any excess tier I tax.
Such tax credits may be claimed on an employee's Federal income tax return.
Employees who worked for two or more railroads, received sickness benefits, or had both railroad retirement and social security taxes withheld from their earnings should see IRS Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax, for information on how to figure any excess railroad retirement or social security tax withheld.
